What is a Crown? Procedure, Costs, and More

If you’ve ever asked your dentist, “What is a crown?”, you’re not alone. Dental crowns are a common dental restoration, but many patients aren’t sure what they are, how they work, or when they’re needed. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll answer all your questions about dental crowns, from the types of dental crowns available to the dental crown procedure, costs, and more.

What is a Crown?

A dental crown is a custom-made, tooth-shaped cap that fits over a natural tooth to restore its strength, size, shape, and appearance. When a dentist places a crown, it covers the entire visible portion of the tooth above the gum line. Crowns are a permanent solution for teeth that are damaged, decayed, or weakened, and they can also be used to improve the appearance of misshapen or discolored teeth.

Dental crowns are made from various materials, including:

• Metal (such as gold or silver)
• Porcelain
• Ceramic
• Composite resin

The choice of material depends on factors such as the location of the tooth, the patient’s preference, and the dentist’s recommendation.

Getting a dental crown usually requires two visits to the dentist. During the first visit, the dentist will prepare the tooth by removing any decay or damaged tooth structure. Sufficient natural tooth structure is crucial for supporting the crown; if there is not enough, additional interventions like a post-and-core or a core filling may be necessary to provide adequate support.

Types of Dental Crowns

Dental crowns come in various types, each with its unique characteristics and advantages. The most common types of dental crowns include:

1. Metal Crowns: These crowns are made entirely from metal, such as gold, silver, or other alloys. They are the most durable type of crown and can withstand strong biting and chewing forces. Metal crowns are often used for out-of-sight molars.
2. Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Crowns: PFM crowns have a metal base that’s covered with a porcelain overlay. They offer a combination of strength and aesthetics, as the porcelain can be matched to the color of your natural teeth.
3. All-Ceramic or All-Porcelain Crowns: These crowns are made entirely from ceramic or porcelain materials. They provide the most natural appearance and are often used for front teeth or teeth that are visible when you smile.
4. Composite Resin Crowns: Composite resin crowns are made from a mixture of plastic and fine glass particles. They are less expensive than other types of crowns but are also less durable and may wear down faster.

Your dentist will recommend the best type of crown for your specific needs, taking into account factors such as the location of the tooth, your budget, and your aesthetic preferences.

Why Would I Need a Dental Crown?

There are several reasons why a dentist might recommend a tooth crown:

1. To protect a weak tooth from breaking or cracking
2. To restore a tooth that’s already broken or severely worn down
3. To cover and support a tooth with a large filling when there isn’t much tooth left. Insufficient natural tooth structure may require additional interventions like a post-and-core or a core filling to provide adequate support for the crown.
4. To hold a dental bridge in place
5. To cover misshapen or severely discolored teeth
6. To cover a dental implant
7. To protect a tooth after a root canal treatment

Your dentist will evaluate your oral health and discuss your options to determine if a dental crown is the best solution for you.

Types of Dental Crowns

When it comes to dental crowns, you have several options. The most common types of crowns include:

1. Metal Crowns: These crowns are made entirely from metal, such as gold, silver, or other alloys. They are the most durable type of crown and can withstand strong biting and chewing forces. Metal crowns are often used for out-of-sight molars.
2. Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Crowns: PFM crowns have a metal base that’s covered with a porcelain overlay. They offer a combination of strength and aesthetics, as the porcelain can be matched to the color of your natural teeth.
3. All-Ceramic or All-Porcelain Crowns: These crowns are made entirely from ceramic or porcelain materials. They provide the most natural appearance and are often used for front teeth or teeth that are visible when you smile.
4. Composite Resin Crowns: Composite resin crowns are made from a mixture of plastic and fine glass particles. They are less expensive than other types of crowns but are also less durable and may wear down faster.

Your dentist will recommend the best type of crown for your specific needs, taking into account factors such as the location of the tooth, your budget, and your aesthetic preferences.

The Dental Crown Procedure

Getting a dental crown usually requires two visits to the dentist. Here’s what you can expect during the tooth crown procedure:

1. Preparation: Your dentist will numb the area around the tooth and remove any decay or damaged tooth structure. They will then assess the remaining natural tooth structure to ensure it can support the crown. They will then shape the tooth to make room for the crown.
2. Impressions: Your dentist will take impressions of your prepared tooth and surrounding teeth using dental putty or a digital scanner. These impressions are used to create a precise model of your teeth, which is sent to a dental lab where your permanent crown will be fabricated.
3. Temporary Crown: Your dentist will place a temporary crown over your prepared tooth to protect it while your permanent crown is being made. The temporary crown is usually made of plastic and is held in place with a temporary cement.
4. Fabrication: Your permanent crown is custom-made in a dental lab based on the impressions taken of your teeth. This process usually takes 2-3 weeks.
5. Fitting and Cementing: At your second appointment, your dentist will remove the temporary crown and check the fit of your new crown. They may make minor adjustments to ensure a perfect fit before permanently cementing the crown in place.

With proper care and maintenance, a dental crown can last 5-15 years or longer.

Caring for Your Dental Crown

Caring for a crowned tooth is similar to caring for your natural teeth. To keep your dental crown in top shape, follow these tips:

1. Brush twice a day: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste to clean your teeth, including your dental crown, twice a day.
2. Floss daily: Use dental floss or an interdental cleaner to remove plaque and food particles from between your teeth and around your dental crown at least once a day.
3. Avoid hard or sticky foods: Chewing on hard objects like ice or hard candy can damage your crown or cause it to come loose. Sticky foods can also pull the crown off your tooth.
4. Use a night guard: If you grind your teeth at night, ask your dentist about getting a custom-made night guard to protect your teeth and dental crowns.
5. See your dentist regularly: Schedule regular dental check-ups and cleanings to keep your teeth and gums healthy and to allow your dentist to monitor your dental crown.

Temporary Crown

A temporary crown is a crown that is only in place for a short period of time. It is usually made of acrylic or stainless steel and is held in place with an adhesive that is easily removable. Temporary crowns are used while waiting for a permanent crown to be made. They protect the prepared tooth and maintain the space for the permanent crown, ensuring that the surrounding teeth do not shift. Although temporary crowns are not as durable as permanent crowns, they play a crucial role in the dental crown procedure by providing a temporary solution that allows you to continue with your daily activities without discomfort.

Caring for Your Dental Crowns

To ensure the longevity of your dental crowns, it is essential to practice good oral hygiene and take extra care when cleaning and maintaining your crowns. Here are some tips:

• Brush your crowns gently: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste to clean your teeth, including your dental crowns, twice a day.
• Floss carefully: Floss around the crown, avoiding snapping the floss back upward, which can dislodge the crown. Consider using a floss threader or interdental brush for easier access.
• Avoid hard or sticky foods: Chewing on hard objects, such as ice or hard candy, can damage the crown. Sticky foods can also pull the crown off your tooth.
• Visit your dentist regularly: Schedule regular dental check-ups and cleanings to ensure the crown is secure and the surrounding teeth and gums are healthy.

By following these tips, you can help extend the lifespan of your dental crowns and maintain a healthy smile.

Potential Problems with Dental Crowns

While dental crowns are generally a safe and effective way to restore damaged teeth, there are some potential problems to be aware of:

1. Discomfort or sensitivity: You may experience some discomfort or sensitivity in the crowned tooth immediately after the procedure. This is usually temporary and can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers.
2. Chipping or breaking: Although dental crowns are designed to be durable, they can still chip or break under extreme pressure. If this happens, contact your dentist right away.
3. Crown falling off: In rare cases, a dental crown can come loose or fall off completely. This can happen if there’s not enough cement holding the crown in place, or if the tooth underneath the crown decays. If your crown falls off, save it if possible and call your dentist for an appointment.
4. Allergic reaction: Some people may have an allergic reaction to the materials used in dental crowns, particularly if the crown contains metal. If you experience itching, swelling, or other signs of an allergic reaction, contact your dentist or physician.

How Long Do Dental Crowns Last?

The lifespan of a dental crown depends on various factors, including the material used, the location of the tooth, and the patient’s oral hygiene habits. On average, dental crowns can last anywhere from 5 to 15 years or more. Porcelain crowns typically last between 5 and 15 years, while metal crowns can last for 25 years or more.

It is essential to note that dental crowns are not invincible and can be damaged or dislodged due to various reasons, such as gum disease, tooth decay, or trauma. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices can help extend the lifespan of your dental crowns. By taking care of your crowns and addressing any dental issues promptly, you can enjoy the benefits of your dental restoration for many years.

Costs and Insurance Coverage

The cost of a dental crown varies depending on several factors, including:

• The type of crown material used
• The location of the dentist
• The complexity of the procedure
• Whether you have dental insurance

On average, a dental crown can cost anywhere from $800 to $1,700 or more per tooth. Porcelain and ceramic crowns tend to be more expensive than metal crowns.

Many dental insurance plans cover at least a portion of the cost of dental crowns, but coverage can vary depending on your specific plan. Check with your insurance provider to understand your benefits and out-of-pocket costs.

If you don’t have dental insurance, some dentists offer financing options or payment plans to make dental crowns more affordable.

Dental Crowns vs. Other Restorations

Dental crowns are just one type of dental restoration. Depending on your needs, your dentist may recommend a different treatment, such as:

• Filling: A filling is used to repair a small cavity or minor tooth damage. Unlike a crown, a filling doesn’t cover the entire tooth.
• Inlay or Onlay: These restorations are used when a tooth has more extensive damage or decay, but still doesn’t require a full crown. Inlays and onlays are custom-made from porcelain, composite resin, or gold and fit into the prepared tooth like a puzzle piece.
• Veneer: A veneer is a thin, custom-made shell that covers the front surface of a tooth to improve its appearance. Veneers are typically made from porcelain or composite resin and are used to treat teeth that are stained, chipped, or slightly misaligned.

Your dentist will recommend the best course of treatment based on the extent of damage to your tooth and your overall oral health goals.

Conclusion

Dental crowns are a versatile and durable way to restore teeth that are damaged, decayed, or weakened. When you visit a dentist, “What is a crown?” is a great starting point for a discussion about your oral health needs and how to keep your natural teeth healthy and strong for years to come.

If you’re considering getting a dental crown, talk to your dentist about your options. They can help you choose the best type of crown for your tooth and guide you through the crown procedure from start to finish.